{"id":58,"date":"2024-11-11T08:29:10","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T08:29:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/a6a\/?page_id=58"},"modified":"2025-11-02T07:13:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-02T07:13:49","slug":"m2-l1-sisteme-de-operare","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/a6a\/m2\/m2-l1-sisteme-de-operare\/","title":{"rendered":"M2 L1 Sisteme de operare"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Istoria pe scurt a sistemelor de operare.\" width=\"729\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1Ll4mKBTz1s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Def0<\/strong>: <strong><em>Un sistem de operare gestioneaz\u0103 toate resursele fizice(hardware) \u0219i logice(software) ale sistemului de calcul.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Def1<\/strong>: <strong><em>Un sistem de operare este o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 extins\u0103 la o ma\u0219in\u0103 fizic\u0103. Ma\u0219ina \u00eenseamn\u0103 un automat finit determinist.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Def2<\/strong>: <strong><em>Un sistem de operare este un ansamblu de programe ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 oferindu-ne posibilitatea de a utiliza sistemul de calcul.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Def3<\/strong>: <strong><em>Un sistem de operare este o interfa\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre toate componentele sistemului de calcul \u0219i utilizator.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primul sistem de operare se nume\u0219te UNIX \u0219i a fost realizat \u00een laboratoarele Bell al firmei AT&amp;T din SUA la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1960:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sisteme de operare\" width=\"729\" height=\"547\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O1QMF20wMqw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>De atunci \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 acum structura sistemelor de operare a r\u0103mas aceea\u0219i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S.O. (sistemul de operare)<\/strong> este format din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Miez (nucleu)<\/strong> = <mark>kernel <\/mark>\u2013 <strong>este sistemul de operare propriu-zis<\/strong> \u0219i gestioneaz\u0103 resursele fizice (hardware) \u0219i logice (software).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interfa\u021b\u0103<\/strong> = <mark>Shell <\/mark>(cochilie) \u2013 gestioneaz\u0103 interac\u021biunea cu utilizatorul. Iar sub forma G.U.I. (graphical user inteface) este cunoscut\u0103 mai ales la Windwos (window = fereastr\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Utilitare<\/strong> = Programe care ajut\u0103 S.O. s\u0103 execute opera\u021bii de mentenan\u021b\u0103, arhivare programe, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Informa\u021bia din sistemul de operare este organizat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de fi\u0219iere \u0219i directoare:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Director = folder = dosar<\/strong> <em>\u0219i poate con\u021bine<\/em> <strong>fi\u0219iere<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cele mai folosite sisteme de operare sunt <strong>Windows<\/strong>, <strong>Linux<\/strong>, <strong>MacOS X<\/strong>, <strong>iOS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Windows are versiuni: 3.11, 95, 98,&nbsp; Me, Xp, 7, 8, 10, 11<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Linux este un kernel care are distribu\u021bii ca: Debian, Ubuntu, Android, Linux Mint, Fedora, Cent OS, Arch Linux, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mac OS X \u0219i varianta iOS pentru telefoanele de la Apple<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen Windows fi\u0219ierele au nume \u0219i extensie de tipul nume.ext. Noi recunoa\u0219tem fi\u0219ierul dup\u0103 nume iar SO recunoa\u0219te fi\u0219ierul dup\u0103 extensie pentru al asocia \u0219i deschide cu programul \u00een care a fost scris. &nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple: <strong>nume.txt<\/strong> \u2013 fi\u0219ier text<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nume. jpg&nbsp; sau <strong>nume.jpeg<\/strong> \u2013 fi\u0219ier imagine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nume.doc sau <strong>nume.docx<\/strong> \u2013 fi\u0219ier document<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>O colec\u021bie organizat\u0103 de fi\u0219iere memorat\u0103 pe suporturi externe \u0219i care au un program de acces la ele se nume\u0219te baz\u0103 de date deci&nbsp; S.O. este \u0219i o baz\u0103 de date. S.O.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lectia-10-piramida-nivel-S.O.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-381\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figura 1 Sistemul de operare se afl\u0103 pe nivelul al treilea<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00centreb\u0103ri<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ce este un sistem de operare?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Din ce este format un sistem de operare?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cum este organizat\u0103 informa\u021bia \u00eentr-un sistem de operare?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce este un director?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce este un fi\u0219ier?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce este o baz\u0103 de date?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[ays_quiz id=&#8217;7&#8242;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Def0: Un sistem de operare gestioneaz\u0103 toate resursele fizice(hardware) \u0219i logice(software) ale sistemului de calcul. Def1: Un sistem de operare este o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 extins\u0103 la o ma\u0219in\u0103 fizic\u0103. Ma\u0219ina \u00eenseamn\u0103 un automat finit determinist. Def2: Un sistem de operare este un ansamblu de programe ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 oferindu-ne posibilitatea de a utiliza sistemul de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":55,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-58","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M2 L1 Sisteme de operare - Clasa a VI-a InfMix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/a6a\/m2\/m2-l1-sisteme-de-operare\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M2 L1 Sisteme de operare - Clasa a VI-a InfMix\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Def0: Un sistem de operare gestioneaz\u0103 toate resursele fizice(hardware) \u0219i logice(software) ale sistemului de calcul. Def1: Un sistem de operare este o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 extins\u0103 la o ma\u0219in\u0103 fizic\u0103. Ma\u0219ina \u00eenseamn\u0103 un automat finit determinist. 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