{"id":178,"date":"2025-05-19T04:06:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T04:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/a6a\/?page_id=178"},"modified":"2025-05-19T04:25:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T04:25:15","slug":"m5-l3-structura-alternativa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/a6a\/modul-5-limbaje-de-programare\/m5-l3-structura-alternativa\/","title":{"rendered":"M5 L3 Structura alternativ\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Structura alternativ\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de instruc\u021biunea de control a fluxului <strong><code>if-else<\/code><\/strong>(dac\u0103-altfel), care permite executarea unor blocuri de cod diferite \u00een func\u021bie de o condi\u021bie. Aceasta este denumit\u0103 \u201estructur\u0103 alternativ\u0103\u201d deoarece programul poate urma una dintre dou\u0103 c\u0103i alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sintaxa general\u0103:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>if (condi\u021bie) {\n    \/\/ Codul executat dac\u0103 condi\u021bia este adev\u0103rat\u0103\n} else {\n    \/\/ Codul executat dac\u0103 condi\u021bia este fals\u0103\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemplu simplu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int numar;\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"Introdu un numar: \";\n    cin &gt;&gt; numar;\n\n    if (numar % 2 == 0) {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Numarul este par.\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    } else {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Numarul este impar.\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Variante:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Doar <code>if<\/code> (f\u0103r\u0103 alternativ\u0103):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>if (condi\u021bie) {\n    \/\/ Codul executat doar dac\u0103 condi\u021bia este adev\u0103rat\u0103\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <code>if - else if - else<\/code> (structur\u0103 alternativ\u0103 multipl\u0103):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>if (condi\u021bie1) {\n    \/\/ Cod pentru condi\u021bia 1\n} else if (condi\u021bie2) {\n    \/\/ Cod pentru condi\u021bia 2\n} else {\n    \/\/ Cod dac\u0103 niciuna dintre condi\u021biile de mai sus nu este \u00eendeplinit\u0103\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3.  <code>if-else<\/code> se poate \u00eenlocui cu <code>switch<\/code> (doar pentru cazuri discrete)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru variabile de tip \u00eentreg sau caracter, po\u021bi folosi \u0219i <code>switch<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int optiune = 2;\n\nswitch(optiune) {\n    case 1:\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Ai ales 1\\n\";\n        break;\n    case 2:\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Ai ales 2\\n\";\n        break;\n    default:\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Optiune necunoscuta\\n\";\n        break;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Iat\u0103 un exemplu simplu \u00een C++ care cite\u0219te dou\u0103 numere \u00eentregi <code>a<\/code> \u0219i <code>b<\/code> de la tastatur\u0103 \u0219i afi\u0219eaz\u0103 care dintre ele este mai mare, folosind <strong>structura alternativ\u0103 <code>if-else<\/code><\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int a, b;\n\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"Introdu primul numar (a): \";\n    cin &gt;&gt; a;\n\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"Introdu al doilea numar (b): \";\n    cin &gt;&gt; b;\n\n    if (a &gt; b) {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Numarul mai mare este: \" &lt;&lt; a &lt;&lt; endl;\n    } else if (b &gt; a) {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Numarul mai mare este: \" &lt;&lt; b &lt;&lt; endl;\n    } else {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"Numerele sunt egale.\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explica\u021bie:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Se citesc valorile <code>a<\/code> \u0219i <code>b<\/code> de la tastatur\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se compar\u0103 cele dou\u0103 numere:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dac\u0103 <code>a &gt; b<\/code>, se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 <code>a<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dac\u0103 <code>b &gt; a<\/code>, se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 <code>b<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dac\u0103 sunt egale, se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 un mesaj corespunz\u0103tor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un exemplu de program C++ care folose\u0219te instruc\u021biunea <code>switch<\/code>. Acest program cite\u0219te o op\u021biune de la tastatur\u0103 \u0219i afi\u0219eaz\u0103 un mesaj \u00een func\u021bie de op\u021biune:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemplu: Meniu simplu cu <code>switch<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int optiune;\n\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"Meniu:\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"1. Afiseaza salut\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"2. Afiseaza mesajul Acum faci informatica!\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"3. Afiseaza cum se inchide corect programul\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"Alege o optiune (1-3): \";\n    cin &gt;&gt; optiune;\n\n    switch (optiune) {\n        case 1:\n            cout &lt;&lt; \"Salut! Bine ai venit!\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n            break;\n        case 2:\n            cout &lt;&lt; \"Acum faci informatica!\" &lt;&lt; endl; \n            break;\n        case 3:\n            cout &lt;&lt; \"Programul se inchide daca apesi orice tasta.\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n            break;\n        default:\n            cout &lt;&lt; \"Optiune invalida!\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n            break;\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explica\u021bie:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>switch(optiune)<\/code> verific\u0103 valoarea introdus\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pentru fiecare <code>case<\/code>, dac\u0103 valoarea se potrive\u0219te, se execut\u0103 blocul respectiv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>break<\/code> opre\u0219te executarea \u0219i iese din <code>switch<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>default<\/code> este cazul implicit, folosit c\u00e2nd valoarea nu corespunde niciunui <code>case<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tem\u0103:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0103 se explice linie cu linie fiecare program din aceast\u0103 pagin\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Structura alternativ\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de instruc\u021biunea de control a fluxului if-else(dac\u0103-altfel), care permite executarea unor blocuri de cod diferite \u00een func\u021bie de o condi\u021bie. Aceasta este denumit\u0103 \u201estructur\u0103 alternativ\u0103\u201d deoarece programul poate urma una dintre dou\u0103 c\u0103i alternative. Sintaxa general\u0103: Exemplu simplu: Variante: 2. if &#8211; else if &#8211; else (structur\u0103 alternativ\u0103 multipl\u0103): 3. if-else [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":160,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-178","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M5 L3 Structura alternativ\u0103 - Clasa a VI-a InfMix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infmix.ro\/a6a\/modul-5-limbaje-de-programare\/m5-l3-structura-alternativa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M5 L3 Structura alternativ\u0103 - Clasa a VI-a InfMix\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Structura alternativ\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de instruc\u021biunea de control a fluxului if-else(dac\u0103-altfel), care permite executarea unor blocuri de cod diferite \u00een func\u021bie de o condi\u021bie. 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